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involved: analysis of source texts and reformulation into the target language. Emphasis will be on the
techniques used by translators to resolve problems of subject knowledge, language and terminology. The
course will also focus on the use of translation tools and resources, and on the different methods and
strategies for rendering the content of texts into the other language.

ETRA 351 SIGHT TRANSLATION
Credits: 3 (3, 0, 0) Prerequisite: ETRA 250

Considered as the meeting ground between translation and interpreting, sight translation joins
the starting point of the written mode and the end-product of the oral one. Students are given a
written text in one language and are tasked to immediately render its meaning orally into the
other language. To do this proficiently, two major skills are required: 1) fast reading and
comprehension of texts, 2) quick oral response into the other language. Acquisition of these
skills is the focus of the course.

ETRA 352 CONSECUTIVE INTERPRETING
Credits: 3 (3, 0, 0) Prerequisite: ETRA 351

This course trains students in the art and skill of consecutive interpretation in both public and
inter-personal situations. Techniques and strategies used by expert interpreters (such as making
short hand notes and memory taking) are taught and used by the trainees in a variety of
exercises.

ETRA 353 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS IN TRANSLATION
Credits: 3 (3, 0, 0) Prerequisite: ETRA 250

This course is an introduction to the topics and methods in the field of applied linguistics. The
course emphasizes the application of applied linguistics theories to problems of second language
teaching and learning and to language in social context. Topics discussed and developed include
grammar and vocabulary, discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmatics,
corpus linguistics, functional linguistics, non-native reading research, writing, listening and
speaking as well as assessment.

ETRA 354: LEXICOGRAPHY AND TERMINOLOGY
Credits: 3 (3, 0, 0) Prerequisite: ELAN 232

The art of dictionary making and the principles of terminology are the subjects of this course.
Students are introduced to the main types of dictionaries and their respective uses and
components. Dictionary compilation and evaluation methods are also discussed.

ETRA 355 BUSINESS AND MEDIA TRANSLATION
Credits: 3 (3, 0, 0) Prerequisite: ETRA 250

This course familiarizes students with the register and discourse characteristics of the language
varieties of business and media in both English and Arabic. Its aims is to develop and reinforce
the skills and techniques required for translating texts bearing such features into the two
languages. In the fields of business, the focus is on text types such as bank statements, financial
reports and business correspondence. In the field of media, text types such as news items, press
reports, newsletters, and promotional texts are examined.

ETRA 356 SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL TRANSLATION
Credits: 3 (3, 0, 0) Prerequisite: ETRA 250

This course targets translation of scientific and medical texts. In the scientific field, students are
trained on analyzing texts to understand the context, terms and concepts in the original text
before looking for equivalencies in the other language. To best deal with medical texts, the